A hernia occurs when an organ or internal tissue breaks through a hole in the muscles. Hernia repair surgery or herniorrhaphy involves returning the displaced tissues to their proper position.

Hernioplasty is a type of hernia repair surgery where a mesh patch is sewn over the weakened region of tissue.

Hernia repair surgery is one of the most common surgeries to be performed..

Fast facts on hernia repair:

• Small hernias may not cause any symptoms
• In general, hernia surgeries are classified as herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty.
• Hernia repairs are day surgeries, so people go home a few hours afterward.
• Hernia surgeries are considered fairly safe and effective.

Hernia repair surgery may be necessary if the hernia causes long-term pain and discomfort, or the pain worsens.

It often takes 1 to 2 years before hernias begin to cause noticeable, irritating, or painful symptoms. Some people may only notice hernia symptoms when doing activities, such as strenuous exercise, for example.

Hernia symptoms and factors that indicate surgery may be necessary include:

• long-term hernia pain or discomfort
• pain or discomfort that interferes with everyday activities
• pain or discomfort intensifying or worsening over time
• large hernias
• fast-growing hernias
• hernias in places where they might worsening or enlarging, such as the groin
• sharp abdominal pain and vomiting
• hernias that put pressure on nerves to cause irritation and numbness

In some cases, hernias never end up causing enough symptoms to warrant medical intervention. But hernias cannot resolve or heal without surgery, so when negative symptoms occur surgery is necessary.

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Inguinal Hernias

Inguinal hernias are located in the lower abdomen just above the leg crease, near or adjacent to the pubic area. They can sometimes occur on both sides of the pubic area, and if they do, they are called bilateral inguinal hernias. Inguinal hernias, along with femoral hernias make up the 2 types of groin hernias and can produce pain that extends into the upper thigh or scrotum.

Inguinal hernias can be classified as “direct” or “indirect”.

An indirect inguinal hernia occurs through the natural weakness in the internal inguinal ring.

A direct inguinal hernia is a result of weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal and is more likely to develop in older men over the age of 40. The floor of the inguinal canal is located just below the internal inguinal ring.

When inguinal hernias are repaired with a technique called tension repair, recurrence rates may be higher than 15%, which means that the hernia may reappear in time. Other hernia repair techniques, such as tension-free and laparoscopic tension-free, have much lower recurrence rates in the order of 1%.

Ventral Hernias/ Epigastric Hernias

Epigastric hernias are more common in men than women. They occur due to a weakness, gap, or opening in the muscles or tendons of the upper abdominal wall, on a line between the breast bone and the navel or umbilicus.

Incisional Hernias

A hernia that appears in the abdomen at the site of a previous surgery is known as an incisional hernia. These hernias can appear weeks, months, or even years after surgery and can vary in size from small to very large and complex. If you think you have an incisional hernia, it is important to see your doctor because it may widen and become extremely difficult to repair. Repair of incisional hernia is sometimes covered by ACC.